Daniel bowman



n. BowMAN.

Millstone` Dress.

Patented April 2. 1867.

DANIEL BOWMAN, 1OF KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE.

Letters'Patmt No. 63,360, lated APM'ZYQAISGT; Meda-ted fila-rch 28, 1867.

IMPROVEMENT IN MILLSIONE DRESS.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Beit known that I,IDANIEL BOWMAN, of Knoxville, in the county of Knox, and State of Tennessee, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Millstone Dress; and I do hereby declare that the following is aull, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled'in the art to make and usethesame, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 is a View of the face of the uppcrstone.

Figure 2 is a vertical section of the same, on the line x x.

Figure 3 is a view of the face of the lower stone.

Figure 4 is a vertical section of the same, on the line x x.

Figure 5 is a vertical section of the upper stone, on the line y y.

Figure 6 is the same of the lower stone, on the line gj y.

Figure 7 is a plan of the gauge for the furrows of the upper stone, in depth.

Figure 8 is a plan of the gauge for the fnrrows of the lower stone, in: depthA Figure 9 is a plan of the gauge for the furrows of both stones, in width.

Figure 10 is a section of the upper stone gauge, on the line e e.

Figure 1l is a section of the lower stone gauge, on same linel Similar letters 'of reference indicate like parts.

The nature of my invention consists in dressing millstones in a diierent manner from the ordinary method, by which they grind nearly or quite one-third faster, grind a much larger quantity of grain before needing dressing to put. them in order, heat less, and therefore deliver the flour cooler, grind the flour in ne round or granular particles without bruising or mashing it, making it lively and of superior quality. These advantages over the usual methods of dressing millstones are gained by using my inode of dressing, as has been proved .by -actual experiment in a number of mills.

The distinguishing features of` my mode of dressing millstones are as follows: I dress the upper and the lower stones diierently. The furrows of both stones are laid o alike, and may 'be of any pattern, either curved or straight, or divided into any number of squares, but in vall cases the upper stone, whether it is used as the runner or not, is cut in furrows, with a deep square-edged channel in the back, and feathered to the front side, while the lower stone, in all cases, whether' used as thefrunner or not, is cut in shallovfurrows, of equal depth throughout. The furrows are also inade broad and the "',landsj very narro\vand are cut by gauges or patterns for the depthA of the channels, which are made after a general rule. This rule is fixed as to the shape and proportionsof the channels, though not as to measurement. For a four-foot stone the cham nels are cut about.onequarter of an inch in depth at the back, fcathering to the front side up to the face, or, as I prefer, to within one-sixteenth of an inch, with a square edge of that depth. The channel is-cut a little deeper at the circumference than at the middle, near the eye of the stone. The width of the furrows and lands" is determined by this general formula: In laying off a four-i`oot stone with twelve master furrows with two furrows in a square, the master, furrows will be one inch and an eighth at the eye and two inches and a quarter at the circumfercnce-- .It the stones are larger or smaller the furrows will he wider or narrower in propor tion, but they may bc l-.xid ol` differently, keeping the depth at the back of the furrows of the upper stone about the same and the lands narrow. l

The governing principlesof my modo of dressing the stones are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, figs. 1 and 2 showing the upper stone with the furrows cut deep in the back and feathered to the front side, and figs. 3, 4,'and 6 showing thc'lower stone with the furrows cut shallo and of equal depth throughout. Fig. 5 shows the furrmrs at the backv in the upper stone a little shallowcr at the eye than near the circumference. I lay oit the fnrrows with a wooden pattern, fig. 9, and cutthe channels of the upper stone by the gauge, figs. 7 and 10, and of the lower stone hy the gauge, gs. 8 and 11. These gauges are made of hard Wood, according to the rules above explained; They may be adapted to any division or pattern of the furrows, and any miller can eut the channels to fit them. A The point I make in my mode of dressing stones, especially distinguishing it from ordinary methods, is narrow lands combined with the di'erent forms of the broad furrows in the upper and under stones, which narrow lands clean the bran suiei/ently while the shallow furrows of the bed-stone do the grinding. The 'grain is kept in quick motion and passes rapidly through the stones without grinding any of the llour too much so as to kill the life of' it, which is done by the wide lands of the common modes of dressing.

Having fully described my improvement in mllsrone dress, what I claim :is new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is i I The millstone dress herein described,"tlie saine consisting of the upper sto:1e,ha.ving deep squn1c-edged channels in the back, and feathered to the front side, and the lower stone. wit-h broad, equally shallow furrows throughout, and narrow lands, substantially as described for the purpose specified.

DANIEL BOWMAN.

Witnesses:

. H. M. A1KIN,. R. S. HALL, 

